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Resources

Educational materials related to paramedic practice, clinical reasoning, and paramedic education.

Videos

Recent educational videos related to paramedic practice, clinical reasoning, and emergency care.

How Verapamil and Diltiazem Work 🫀 Non-DHP Calcium Channel Blockers Explained

Jun 11, 2025

How Verapamil and Diltiazem Work 🫀 Non-DHP Calcium Channel Blockers Explained

🧠 Description: This video takes a deep dive into non-dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers like verapamil and diltiazem, exploring why they act specifically…

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Amlodipine and Dihydropyridines 🧬 How They Work Differently from Verapamil

Jun 9, 2025

Amlodipine and Dihydropyridines 🧬 How They Work Differently from Verapamil

This video explores how dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers, like amlodipine, function at the molecular level and why they selectively target vascular smoo…

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L-Type Calcium Channels Explained: Cav1.2, Cardiac Contraction, and Calcium Channel Blockers 💥

Jun 6, 2025

L-Type Calcium Channels Explained: Cav1.2, Cardiac Contraction, and Calcium Channel Blockers 💥

🧠 Description: This video breaks down Cav1.2, the cardiac-specific L-type calcium channel, and explains how it controls both nodal depolarization and ventricul…

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Class Ic Antiarrhythmics Explained: Why Flecainide Hits Hard and Stays Bound

Apr 22, 2025

Class Ic Antiarrhythmics Explained: Why Flecainide Hits Hard and Stays Bound

Class Ic sodium channel blockers like flecainide and propafenone are the most powerful agents in the Class I family. This video breaks down their mechanism of a…

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Why Lidocaine Targets Ischemic Tissue: Inactivation, APD, and Membrane Stability

Apr 21, 2025

Why Lidocaine Targets Ischemic Tissue: Inactivation, APD, and Membrane Stability

Why does lidocaine work in ischemic tissue—but not in healthy atria? In this video, we explore the physiologic basis for lidocaine’s effectiveness in ventricula…

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Class 1A Antiarrhythmics: How They Block Sodium and Potassium Channel

Apr 15, 2025

Class 1A Antiarrhythmics: How They Block Sodium and Potassium Channel

Class 1A antiarrhythmics like quinidine, procainamide, and disopyramide target both sodium and potassium channels. In this detailed video, we focus on how these…

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Publications

Selected peer reviewed publications related to simulation, technical skills development, and paramedic education.

Adapting the gamified educational networking online learning management system to test a decentralized simulation-based education model to instruct paramedics-in-training on the emergency intraosseous access and infusion skill

Cureus, 2024

Jolly, A. K., Selvarajah, D., Micallef, J., Torres, A., & Button, D.

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The perceived effectiveness of various forms of feedback on the acquisition of technical skills by advanced learners in simulation-based health professions education

Cureus, 2023

Micallef, J., Button, D., Uribe Quevedo, A., McClatchey, C., King, L., & Dubrowski, A.

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Development of simple and advanced adult proximal tibia simulators for a decentralized simulation-based education model to teach paramedics-in-training the intraosseous infusion procedure

Cureus, 2022

Sivanathan, M., Yanguez Franco, L., Joshi, S., Micallef, J., Button, D., & Dubrowski, A.

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Hacking intraosseous infusion skills training with 3D printing: maxSIMIO drilling system

Cureus, 2022

Clarke, K. M., Micallef, J., Jolly, A. K., Sivanathan, M., Siraj, S., Button, D., Patey, C., & Dubrowski, A.

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Research Grants and Projects

Selected funded work related to paramedic education, simulation, and workforce development.

Pre-service education and training: Improving the health, safety, and fitness for a future generation of paramedics

CEWIL Canada, 2025

Funded project supporting future-focused paramedic education and training development.

A multidisciplinary, game-based educational simulation of the assessment and management for heart failure in older adults

eCampus Ontario Virtual Learning Strategy, 2022

Funded project exploring simulation-based education for interdisciplinary clinical learning.

Presentations and Talks

Recent conference presentations and invited talks related to simulation, extended reality, ethics, and paramedic education.

XR cricothyroidotomy and intraosseous access: A preliminary study on usability and presence between VR/MR and hand tracking/controller interactions

IEEE VR 2025 Posters, St. Malo, France

Poster presentation by Button, D., Quevedo, A., & Dubrowski, A.

An intelligent virtual tutor for a VR-based intraosseous access serious game

Annual Sunnybrook Education Conference, 2024

Conference presentation with collaborators on virtual tutoring and immersive procedural education.

Ethics Q&A: CPR in prehospital setting

University Health Network, 2024

Invited keynote address focused on ethical questions in prehospital resuscitation practice.

Professional Activities

Selected scholarly, accreditation, and sector leadership activities drawn from current professional work.

Peer Review and Editorial Contributions

Elsevier, BMJ, and simulation education resources

Peer reviewer for manuscripts in nursing, paramedicine, and broader healthcare education, including methodology, analysis, and clinical relevance review.

Accreditation and Sector Working Groups

Accreditation Canada and Ontario sector committees

Lead Surveyor, controlled substances working group member, OSCE development contributor, and participant in accreditation and certification initiatives.

Professional and Academic Governance

Durham College and external advisory work

Service through academic council, college council, advisory committee work, and contributions to paramedic career framework development.